Michael Grafnetter

Michael Grafnetter is a Principal Security Researcher at SpecterOps and a recognized Microsoft MVP, specializing in Microsoft Entra ID and Active Directory security as well as PowerShell. They invented the Shadow Credentials attack against Active Directory and have contributed to the field with their open-source tools such as the Directory Services Internals PowerShell module. Michael has served as a speaker at various renowned conferences, including Black Hat Europe and SecTor Toronto, and has extensively trained professionals in Active Directory security. Their career includes past roles in IT support, web application development, and cybersecurity consulting, alongside academic involvement as a teaching assistant at Charles University. Michael holds a Master’s Degree in Software Engineering from Charles University.