Rajiv Kumar is an Indian economist who served as the second vice-chairman of the NITI Aayog. He also serves as the chancellor of the Gokhale Institute of Politics and Economics, Pune. His earlier stint in government was initially with the Ministry of Industry and subsequently in the Ministry of Finance, as an economic advisor during the reform years of 1991-1994. He has wide experience having worked in government, academia, industry associations, as well as in international financial institutions. He also served as an independent director on the central boards of the Reserve Bank of India and the State Bank of India.